In the management of chronic pain, the value of permanent nerve blocks has long been recognized. To this end, several surgical and nonsurgical methods have been devised. Surgical techniques are usually more involved and serve as a last resort. … Read more

Introduction Epidural Steroid Injections (ESIs) are a common method of treating inflammation associated with low back related leg pain, or neck related arm pain. The epidural space extends from the base of the skull to the end of the dural … Read more

Brief The more recent recognition of the clinical utility of cervical epidural nerve block in the management of head, face, neck, shoulder, and upper extremity pain has brought the technique into the mainstream of contemporary pain management. Fig. 1. Cross-sectional … Read more

Brief As with any synovial joint, degeneration, inflammation, and injury of facet joints can lead to pain on joint motion. Pain leads to restriction of motion, which eventually produces overall physical deconditioning. Irritation of the facet joint innervation in itself … Read more